unit 12 شرح الوحدة الثانية عشرة اولى ثانوى ترم ثانى

 Definitions

* Apply : يتقدم بطلب
- To officially ask to be considered for a job, place at a college etc., especially by writing a letter.

* Course : كورس . دورة تدريبية
- A series of lessons about a subject.

* Improve: يحسن
- To become better, or to make something better.

* Qualifications : مؤهلات
- Examinations that you have passed at school or university.

* Translate : يترجم
- To change speech or writing from one language to another.

* design :يصمم
- draw or plan something will be made, done or built.

* workshop : ورشة
- a room or building where tools and machines are used to make or repair things.

* rescue :ينقذ
- save someone from harm or danger.

* customer : زبون
- someone who buys things from a shop or a company.

* temperature : درجة الحرارة
- how hot or cold something is.
* Vocabulary :
* architect (n) :
مهندس معمارى
* cleaner (n) :عامل نظافة
* fireman (n) :رجل إطفاء
* flight attendant (n) :
مضيفة جوية
* oven (n) :فرن
* (mix (v) – ed – ed) :يخلط
* mixture (n) :خليط
* mixed (adj) :مختلط
* loaf (n) :رغيف خبز
* loaves (plural):أرغفة خبز
* ( empty (v) – emptied – emptied ) :يفرغ
* empty (adj) :فارغ
* vehicles (n) :
مركبات – وسائل نقل
* mainly (adv) :أساسا
* neatly (adv) :
بطريقة منتظمة
* ( repair (v) – ed – ed ) :
يصلح
* passengers (n) :
مسافرين - ركاب
* taste (v) :يتذوق
* furniture (n) :أثاث
* ( frighten(v)– ed – ed ):
يخيف
* fright (n) :خوف – رعب
* frightening (adj) :مخيف
* tidy :منظم
≠ untidy :غير منظم
* tiring (adj) :مٌتعب
≠ restful (adj) :مٌريح
* far = remote :بعيد
≠ near :قريب
* possible :ممكن
≠ impossible :مستحيل
* international :دولى
≠ local :محلى
* road accidents :
حوادث الطرق * speaker (n) :متحدث
* snack (n) :وجبة خفيفة
* ( leave (v) – left – left ):
يترك – يغادر
* leave (n) :إذن لمغادرة العمل
* ( injure (v) – d – d ) :
يجرح – يصيب
* injury (n) :جرح – إصابة
* injured (adj) :
مجروح - مصاب
* travel company :
شركة سفريات
* ( train (v) – ed – ed ) :
يتدرب
* training (n) :تدريب
* trainer (n) :مٌدرب
* trainer (adj) :مٌدَرَب
* national holidays :
العطلات الرسمية
* interviewer (n) :
محاور تليفزيونى
* interview (n) :
حوار تليفزيونى
* foreign (adj) :أجنبى
≠ local (adj) :محلى
* modern (adj) :حديث
≠ ancient (adj) :قديم
* qualify (v) :
يؤهل ( لمنصب أو عمل )
* qualified (adj) :مٌؤهل
* qualifications(n):مؤهلات
* apply (v) :يتقدم لوظيفة
* application (n) :
طلب التقدم للوظيفة
* applicant (n) :
المتقدم للوظيفة
* (modernize(v) – d – d):
يحدث
* modernization (n) :
تحديث
* modern (adj) :حديث
* apprentice (n) :صبى
* secondary education certificate (n):
شهادة الثانوية
* sales assistant (n) :
بائع فى محل
* job advertisements (n):
إعلانات الوظائف
* tourist guide (n) :
مرشد سياحى
* pay (n) :أجر – راتب
* life-guard (n) :سباح منقذ
* brochure (n) :كتيب دعاية
* documents (n) :وثائق
* reservation (n) :حجز
* ( reserve (v) – d – d ) :
يحجز
* reserved (adj) :محجوز
* accommodation (n) :
إقامة – سكن
* research (v) :
يقوم بعمل بحث عملى
* attractions (n) :
أماكن الجذب
* ( attract (v) – ed – ed ):
يجذب
* attractive (adj) :جذاب
* the Middle East :
الشرق الأوسط
* description (n) :وصف
* ( describe (v) – d – d ) :
يصف
* prepare (v):يجهز – يحضر
* preparation (n) :تحضير
* tin (n) :علبة صفيح
* office workers (n) :
عمال المكاتب
* a block of flats (n) :
عمارة سكنية
* national flights (n) :
رحلات داخلية
* saw (n) :منشار
* toilet (n) :حمام


What is the difference between ….. ?
* work :عمل – مكان العمل ( اسم لا يعد ) * career :الحياة المهنية أو العملية للفرد
* job :وظيفة – مهنة ( اسم يعد ) * profession : مهنة تحتاج إلى مؤهلات أو تدريب
Exs:
- I have got a lot of work to do.
- Mr. Ahmed leaves work at two o'clock.
- He has got a job as a teacher.
- He started his career five years ago.
- Teaching is a profession .

* like + ( وظيفة غير حقيقية ) : مثل – على سبيل المثال
* as + ( وظيفة حقيقية ) : فى وظيفة
Exs:
- Ali works as a teacher.
- Ali works like a donkey.

* steal + ( شئ ) :يسرق شئ
* rob + ( مكان ) :يسرق مكان
* rob + ( شخص ) + of + ( شئ ) :يسرق شئ من شخص
Exs:
- They robbed him of his money.
- A gang robbed the bank yesterday.
- The thief stole my money.

* Interpreter (n) :مترجم فورى
* Translator (n) :مترجم نصوص
Exs:
- I want to work as an interpreter.
- My uncle is a translator; he translates documents, and official paper.

* apply for : يتقدم بطلب للحصول على وظيفة
* apply to : يطبق – يستعمل
Exs:
- Ali applied for a new job.
- The new technology was applied to farming.

* destination (n) :المكان المقصود – جهة الوصول
* location (n) :موقع
Exs:
- After 3 hours, we reached our destination.
- What is the exact location of the town on the map ?

* reserve (v) = book :يحجز
* serve (v) :يخدم
* preserve (v) :يحفظ – يصون
Exs:
- I’d like to reserve a room in this hotel.
- Dinner will be served at 10 p.m.
- Wax polish preserves wood and leather.

* historic (adj) :تاريخى ( أحداث – أماكن – لحظات تاريخية )
* historical (adj) : تاريخى ( متعلق بدراسة التاريخ )
* historian (n) :مؤرخ
* history (n) :تاريخ
Exs:
- Tourists like visiting our historic places in Cairo.
- The novel blends historical fact with fiction.
- Many historians wrote about the ancient Egyptian civilization.
- The Civil War was a turning point in the American history.

* At the end of + ( مكان – قصة – حدث – خطاب ) : فى نهاية
* In the end = finally = at last : وأخيرا
Exs:
- Our house is at the end of this street.
- In the end, we could solve the problem.

* colleague :زميل
* mate :رفيق
Exs:
- Samy is my colleague.
- Menna is my classmate.

* recommend : يوصى بــ - يرشح
recommend + ( شئ ) + to + ( شخص )
recommend + ( شخص ) + for + ( شئ )
recommend + ( شخص ) + to + ( شئ )
Exs:
- She can always recommend the right person for the job.
- He recommended a good book to me.

* teach + ( شخص ) + how to + ( المصدر ) :يعلم
* teach + ( شخص ) + to + ( المصدر ) :يعلم
Exs:
- He taught me how to use the mobile.
- He taught me to use the mobile.